Modals: Obligation and Necessity in the Past
Had to
"had to", ".......yapmak zorundaydım (ve yaptım)" anlamına gelir ve geçmişteki zorunluluğu ifade eder.· The gambler had to sell all his proprty to pay his depts.
· When smallpox outbreaks were quite common, you had to have a smallpox vaccination certificate.
· Last night we had to be at home at 10 o'clock because of the babysitter, so we left the party early.
· Did you have to tell everything when they forced you?
Were / Was supposed to
“was/were supposed to” yapısı geçmişte olması yada yapılması beklenilen durumlar karşısında yapılması gerektiğini ifade etmek için kullanılır ".............. Yapmalıydın, yapman bekleniyordu" anlamı ile “should have V3” e benzemektedir.· We were supposed to get a lot of money from the lottary, but the tax was much more than we received.
· You were supposed to come on Friday. Why didn't you come?
Bazen geçmişte olması gereken ve gerçekleşmemiş gerekliliği de vurgular.
· Martin and his wife were supposed to join to us for dinner. What's happened?
· Our plane was supposed to land Madrid hours ago, but we haven’t even taken off from the airport yet.
Was / Were to + V1
Bu yapı, geçmişte planlanmış, fakat gerçekleşip gerçekleşmediği belli olmayan eylemleri ifade etmek için kullanılır.· The whole family were to go Spain last summer.
· She was to go for an interview yesterday, but she was in bed with a bad flu.
· He felt nervous because he was soon to leave home for the first time.
“Was / were to”, “had to” gibi geçmişteki zorunluluğu ifade etmek için kullanılır. Ancak, “had to” da zorunluluk şartlardan dolayı ortaya çıkabilmesine karşın, “was / were to” da zorunluluk bir otoriteden kaynaklanır.
· The government had to lower the salary of the officials to prevent the discussion with IMF.
· The bank would advance funds and the firm was to spend the money on new equipment.
· The firm had to spend the money on new equipment in order to compete with other firms.
· Sally was to have moved her new house yesterday. I must ring her up to enquire.
· Tom’s wife was to have had a baby yesterday. Let me call him to ask.
Was / Were to have + V3
Eğer geçmişte verilmiş bir emir, zorunluluk, kişisel bir program herhangi bir nedenle yerine getirilmemiş veya gerçekleşmemişse “was/ were to” dan sonra “perfect infinitive” kullanılır. Bu özelliği ile “was / were going to” ya benzer.· The farmer was to have irrigated the field, but it poured down just he was about to start.
· I was to have left home at nine, but I overslept and was late for work.
· The builders were to have started on the foundation last week, but the whether prevented them.
