Government planners and social scientists from many countries are developing a number of strategies to help us adapt to global warming(1). For example, what should people living in coastal areas do? They can move inland away from the dangers of storm surges, although this solution has high economic costs (2). An alternative plan, which is also extremely expensive (3), is to build dikes to protect coastal land. The Dutch, who have been doing this sort of thing for several hundred years, have offered their technical expertise to several developing nations threatened by a rise in sea level (4). We also have to adapt to shifting agricultural zones. Many temperate countries are in the process of evaluating semitropical crops to determine the best ones to substitute for traditional crops if or when the climate warms (5). Drought-resistant species of trees are being developed by large lumber companies now, because the trees planted today will be harvested many decades later when global warming may already get much worse (6).
1. It is pointed out in the passage that a large number of countries with a temperate climate —-
A) have already applied to the Dutch government to help them protect their coastal areas against a rise in sea level owing to global warming
B) have urgently developed some costly strategies in order to protect themselves from the extreme effects of global warming
C) are developing new agricultural zones for semitropical crops, since they are economically more profitable than traditional crops
D) are experimenting with semitropical crops for the replacement of their traditional crops in case the climate gets warmer
E) are exposed to the dangers of storm surges and have therefore taken radical measures to rescue their people in coastal areas
2. One understands from the passage that the development of tree species that can resist droughts —-.
A) is being carefully studied by government planners and scientists as an alternative solution
B) is a precaution that major lumber firms are taking against global warming
C) has been so costly that governments of temperate countries have given it up
D) is indispensable because, due to global warming, most forests will disappear in a few decades
E) is important for countries where agricultural zones have been badly affected by global warming
3. As implied in the passage, the Dutch —-.
A) have a long history of experience in the construction of dikes
B) are very concerned about some coastal areas threatened by a rise in sea level
C) have been reluctant to cooperate technically with some developing countries
D) learned how to build dikes about a hundred years ago to protect their coastal areas
E) think that it is extremely expensive for developing countries to build dikes
4. It is stated in the passage that, for our adaptation to global warming, —-.
A) an alternative strategy is that all the coastal areas in the world have to be evacuated so that the inhabitants can be safe from the dangers of storm surges
B) many scientists and planners are involved in a series of activities that are primarily suitable for temperate countries
C) not only the Dutch but also governments of many countries have devoted a great deal of hard work to the development of urgent strategies
D) new agricultural zones suitable for the growth of semitropical crops and also the development of drought-resistant trees are the only suitable strategies
E) state planners and social scientists of different nationalities are working to develop various strategies
5. It is suggested in the passage that, in several decades, —-.
A) government planners and social scientists will see their planning efforts rewarded
B) most developing countries can experience a severe decline in their agricultural production
C) most coastal areas may be flooded unless they are protected by dikes
D) the effects of global warming may be much more adverse
E) lumber companies may go out of business due to the heavy costs incurred by the planting of trees
Çözüm ve Yaklaşımlar:
1. Ilıman iklimlerde bulunan ülkelerle ilgili bir soru bu. Bu ifade parçadaki 5 numaralı cümlenin başında geçmişti. Bu ülkeler olası kuraklık dönemlerinde yetiştirebilecekleri yarı-tropik ürün geliştirmeye çalışıyorlarmış. Bu bilgi D seçeneğinde de var. Cevap: D
2. Drough-resistent ve lumber companies ifadeleri parçanın son cümlesinde geçmişti. Kereste firmaları küresel ısınmaya karşı kuraklığa dayanıklı ağaç türü yetiştirmeye çalışıyorlarmış. Bu önlemden B şıkkında da söz ediliyor. C’deki “ so costly that”, D’deki “indispensable” sözcükleir iddialı ifadelerdir. Cevap: B
3. Bu soru Hollandalılar ile ilgili. Onlardan parçanın 4 numaralı cümlesindeki “who” sıfat cümlesinde söz edilmişti. Burada okyanustaki gel-gitlerden kaynak-lanan su baskınlarını önlemek için bir kaç yüzyıldır kurdukları settler anlatılıyordu. Bu bilgi A seçeneğinde de var. Cevap: A
4. Bu sınavın paragraph sorularının en güzel yanı, soruda ne istediğinin açıkça belirtilmesidir. Bu soruda da küresel ısınmaya ayak uydurmak için yapılanlar soruluyor. Bu paragrafın ilk cümlesinde geçiyor. Bu konuda devlet yetkilileri, toplumbilimciler stratejiler geliştirmeye çalışıyormuş. Aynı bilgi E seçeneğinde de bulunuyor. Aslında ilk dört şıkta yine iddialı ifadeler var. Bunlar yardımıyla bu şıklar elenebilir. Bunlar sırasıyla, all, primarily, a great deal, ve only’dir. Cevap: E
5. Burada birkaç yüz yıl içinde ne olup biteceği soruluyor. Bu parçanın son satırındaki “when” cümlesinde anlatılıyor. Küresel ısınma çok daha kötü olabilirmiş. Bu D seçeneğindeki cümle ile anlatılıyor. Buradaki “ much more” normalde iddialı ifade gibi görünür. Ama “when” cümlesinde bunun karşılığı “much worse” olarak bulunduğu için bu şıkkı iddialı ifadeden dolayı eleyemeyiz. Cevap: D
