Paragraf Çalışmaları - Çözüm ve Yaklaşımlar 6

In antiquity, prior to the third century B.C., physics had been a branch of philosophy (1). It was made a separate, experimental science by Archimedes of Syracuse, who lived between 287 and 212 B.C (2).. He not only discovered the law of floating objects, or specific gravity, but also formulated with scientific exactness the principles of the lever, the pulley, and the screw (3). Among his memorable inventions were the compound pulley and the screw propeller for ships. Although he has been considered the greatest technical genius of antiquity, in fact he preferred to devote himself to pure scientific research (4). Tradition relates that he discovered “Archimedes’ principle,” that is, specific gravity, while pondering possible theories in his bath; when he reached his stunning insight, he dashed out naked into the street crying “Eureka!” (“I have found it!”).(5)


1. As one understands from the passage, Archimedes was so thrilled by his unexpected discovery of specific gravity that —-.

A) he immediately announced it to the public in an unusual fashion
B) he described every detail of it to the people with scientific exactness
C) the people in the street joined him in the celebration of his discovery
D) most of his contemporaries regarded it as a perfect example of pure scientific research
E) his theory of specific gravity was soon applied in shipbuilding


2. According to the passage, until Archimedes, —-.

A) there had been some scientific research on the law of floating objects
B) physics had not been considered to be a science separate from philosophy
C) the use in ships of the screw propeller had already been known
D) various theories had been proposed about floating objects
E) the study of philosophy had been confined only to physics


3. As it is clear from the passage, Archimedes —-.

A) was so seriously concerned with technical issues that he often neglected his scientific research
B) can be described as a man who openly opposed the study of philosophy
C) was more interested in the theoretical aspect of science than in its practical uses
D) was particularly indifferent to questions of navigation and shipbuilding
E) taught the people of Syracuse how to use the compound pulley most efficiently


4. It is pointed out in the passage that Archimedes’ inventions —-.

A) were not related to the theories that he had already formulated
B) have qualified him to be regarded as “the greatest genius of antiquity”
C) were put into use when, following several scientific tests, they proved to be very efficient
D) were all based on his theory of specific gravity, which he had been pondering for a long time
E) were described in detail in his writings


5. As clearly pointed out in the passage, like the principles of the pulley and the screw, the principle of the lever —-.

A) has been traditionally attributed to Archimedes, but it had been known to other physicists in antiquity
B) can also be considered to be one of Archimedes’ least scientific formulations
C) aroused so much interest in the public that he was rightly proud of his scientific discovery
D) was also defined by Archimedes in absolutely scientific terms
E) was formulated by Archimedes only after he carried out a series of complicated experiments




Çözüm ve Yaklaşımlar:

1. Paragraf sorularında ilk okuma sırasında önemli bilgi cümlelerinin altı çizilir. Bunlar paragrafın ilk ve son cümleleri ile bağlaç, sıfat, sayısal bilgi içeren cümleleridir. Bu parçada Arşimet’ten söz ediliyor. Hepimiz onun hamamda yıkanırken suyun kaldırma gücü konusundaki buluşundan sonra sokağa çıplak olarak, buldum! buldum’ diye fırladığını biliriz. Bu soruda bu soruluyor. Bazen parçada en son verilen bilgi böyle ilk soruda sorulur. Bu bilgi parçanın son cümlesinde (5) var. Seçeneklerde de A şıkkında bulunuyor. Cevap: A

2. İlk soru sonuç cümlesindendi. İkinci soru, sorudaki “until Archimedes” ifadesine bakılırsa ilk cümleden. Çünkü orada “Prior to” zaman ifadesi bulunuyor. Burada M.Ö3.yy’la kadar fiziğin felsefenin bir dalı olduğu söyleniyor. Aynı bilgi şıklardan B’de de var. Cevap: B


3. Bu sorunun cevabı parçada altını “although” bağlacından dolayı çizdiğimiz 4. cümlede bulunuyor. Arşimet kuramsal bilimle daha fazla ilgileniyordu. Bu bilgi C şıkkında da var. A şıkkındaki “so…that”, ve E şıkkındaki “most efficiently” ifadeleri iddialı ifadeler olduğu için bu şıklar elenebilirdi. Cevap: C

4. Bu soru Arşimet’in buluşları ile ilgili. Bundan parçada 3. Cümlede söz edilmişti. 4. cümlede de bu buluşlarından dolayı “antik çağın dahisi” olarak görüldüğünden söz edilmişti. Aynı şey B şıkkında da söyleniyor. Böylece 4. cümleden ikinci bir soru daha sorulmuş oldu. Cevap: B

5. Bu soruda Arşimet’in kaldıraç prensibi soruluyor. Parçadaki altı çizili 3. cümleye bakılırsa doğru cevap bu cümledeki bilginin bulunduğu D şıkkıdır. Ancak burada kullanılan “absolutely scientific terms” ifadesi 3. cümledeki “formulated with scientific exactness” ifadesinin biraz aşırı bir şekilde ifade edildiğini gösteriyor. Cevap: D


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