Must - Have to / Have got to
İngilizcede zorunluluk bildirmek için fiillerin önüne bu anlamda kullandığımız must ve have to kalıplarını getiririz.- I have to go now.
- I must talk to Liam about the meeting.
Günlük konuşmalarda have to’nun must’a oranla daha sık kullanıldığını göreceğiz.
Must genellikle have to’dan daha güçlüdür ve daha çok aciliyet veya önemli bir durum olduğunda kullanılır. Aşağıdaki örneğimizi inceleyelim.
- A: Where is Gemma? I have to talk to her about the weekend party.
- Mike isn’t coming because he has to go downtown for a job interview.
- Where is Gemma? I must talk to her now. I have an important thing to tell her.
Bir başka anlam farklılığı da zorunluluğun kaynağı konusunda oluşuyor. Bazı durumlarda, zorunluluk kişisel değil, dışarıdan bazı güçlerin (kanun, yasa vb.) dayatmasıyla gerçekleştiğinde genellikle have to kullanılır.
- I have to go to work at 8 tomorrow morning.
- (İşe 8’de gitme zorunluluğu dışardan kaynaklanıyor)
- You have to wear a tie at school.
- (Kravat takma zorunluluğu okulun bir kuralı)
- I must stop smoking.
- I have got to find a new job. I am sick of this office.
- I got to leave this town. I need a vacation.
- A: What time have you got to be back?
- B: Dinner's at seven. So by half past six really.
- A: How often do you have to travel to America on business?
- B: About once every six months.
- Must you leave right now? Won't you stay a little longer?
- A: Do you have to leave now?
- B: I do, unfortunately. I've got to collect my son from school.
Zorunluluk yada gereklilik olmadığında must'ın olumsuzu olarak have to'yu kullanırız.
- You don't have to drink champagne at the reception. You can have a soft drink.
- I didn't have to play after all. Jane turned up and could partner Alice.
- You won't have to drive Tom to the airport next Saturday. Julie's taking him.
- You mustn't drink if you're going to drive afterwards.
- You mustn't drink that water. It's contaminated.
- You mustn't lie under oath. If you do, that's perjury.
- I mustn't forget my keys. I'll put them here so that I remember them.
Present or Future
- I have to/ have got to / must buy a new car.
- He/She/It has to/has got to/must stop here.
- I had to leave early last night.