Conditionals - Type 2

Conditional Type Two

a) Present Unreal Condition / Improbable Condition

Bu tür Koşul Cümleleri, içinde bulunduğumuz anda, yani konuşma anında, yada gelecekte gerçekleşme olasılığı ve olanağı olmayan bir koşulu, varsayımı, dileği, öğüdü, korkutmayı, şüpheyi ve uyarımı dile getirmek için kullanılır. Koşul Cümleciğinde kullanılan “The Simple Past” bu türlü cümlelerde Dilek Kipi (subjunctive mood) olarak kullanılır ve “geçmiş zaman”la hiçbir ilgisi yoktur. Bu türlü cümleler genelde Gerçeğe Aykırı (contrary-to-fact) ya da hayali (imaginary) bir koşulu gösterirler. Bu tür Koşul Cümlelerinde, Ana Cümleciklerde “should” ve “would”kullanırken çok dikkat etmek gerekir, “should” bir mecburiyet gösterdiği için bazan cümleyi anlamak zor olur. Bu nedenle bu tür cümlelerde çoğu zaman “would” kullanmak daha iyi olur.

Improbable Condition:(Olasılık Dışı Koşullar)

Conditional Clause (Koşul Cümleciği) Main Cluse (Ana Cümle)
The Simple Past Tense Modal Past
If you stopped smoking, you would probably feel healthier.
l were as handsome as you are, I would (should) marry Margaret
If I were a teacher, I would (should) treat all the children equally
If Lara didn't work harder, the boss would give her the sack..
  • If I went to the party tomorrow, I would enjoy myself very much.
  • I would buy this car if you guaranteed it for three years.
  • There would be less unemployment in the world if everyone fewer hours per week.
  • Sorry, I don’t have any idea about French. If I knew some French, I would help your assignment.
  • If the earth suddenly stopped spinning, we all would fly off it.
Impossible / Imaginary Condition: (Olanak Dışı/Hayali Koşullar)
  • If we didn't get light and heat from the sun, we could not live.
  • If the sun rose in the west, everybody would be frightened to death.
  • If the earth were near the moon, people would go there very easily.
  • If I were a beautiful girl, I would (should) be a model.
  • What would you do if you were very rich?
  • If my nose were a little shorter I would (should) be quite handsome.
  • If today were a holiday, I would (should) stay in bed all day long.

Wishes: (Dilekler)

  • A: Shall I go to the cinema or do my homework.
  • B: If I were you, I would (should) go to the cinema.
  • A: I don't know whether to go to Antalya or Muğla for my summer holiday?
  • B: If I were you, I would go to Antalya.
  • If you smoked less, you would not cough so much.
  • If I were you, I would not buy this car.
  • If I were in your place, I wouldn’t change my job

Warning/Threatening: (Uyarı/Korkutma)

  • If you didn't bring me the money tomorrow, I would kill you.
  • If you kept on eating sweets like this, you would die of heart attack.
  • If you walked on the ice like this, it would break.

Doubt: (Şüphe)

  • If he invested his money in this company, he could go bankrupt.
  • If he proposed to Sally, she would perhaps accept it.
Bu tür Koşul Cümlelerinin “Geçmiş Zaman”la ilgileri olmadığından bu cümlelerde geçmiş zamanda kullanılan Zaman Zarfları (adverbs of time) kullanılmaz. Bunun yerine “Şimdiki Zaman” la kullanılan Zaman Zarfları kullanılır. Bu tür Koşul Cümlelerinde “be” fiili çoğu zaman “were” olarak kullanılır, “be” fiilinin “was” olarak kullanılışı da doğrudur, ancak nadiren kullanılır.
  • If I were / was you, I would learn French now.
  • If the teacher were / was here at the moment, he would be sorry.
  • If I were / was in your shoes, I would live in Turkey at present.

b) Past Real Condition

Bu tür Koşul Cümleleri, geçmişteki gerçek olayları, alışkanlıkları, gelenekleri, hiç değişmeyen neticeleri ve doğa yasalarını dile getirmek için kullanılır. Bu durumda bu Koşul Cümleleri "gerçek" bir durumu gösterirler. Bu cümlelerde kullanılan “if”, “when/ever” ya da “since: ... dığına göre” anlamına gelir ve bir koşul göstermez. Geçmiş zamanla ilgili Zaman Zarflarını (adverbs of time) bu tür cümlelerde kullanabiliriz. Ana Cümleciklerin (Main Clause) başında şu ifadeleri kullanmak yerinde olur:

You may be certain: emin olabilirsiniz(ki)
You can be sure : emin olabilirsiniz(ki)

“If" Bu tür Koşul Cümleciklerinde, Ana Cümlecikte "The Simple Past" yerine "would" ya da "used to" yardımcı fiilleri (modal auxiliaries) kullanılırki bunlarda geçmişte sık sık tekrarlanan eylemleri ve alışkanlıkları dile getirirler.

Conditional Clause (Koşul Cümleciği) Main Cluse (Ana Cümle)
The Simple Past Tense The Past Simple Tense
If / since you met the teacher yesterday, why didn't you invite her to our party?
If / since your sister was in sweats, you can be sure that she played tennis for hours.
Centuries ago, if an escaped slave was captured, he was immediately shot dead.
If / when / ever my uncle came to Istanbul on business, he visited us.
  • If / when the weather was fine, I would / used to take my children to the Zoo.
  • If / when/ever Arthur was angry, he would / used to go out of the house.
Bu tür Koşul Cümlelerinde, Koşul Cümleciğinde “be” fiilinin “The Simple Past” şekli, birinci ve üçüncü kişi zamirlerinden sonra “was” kullanılır ve “were” ile kullanılışı yanlıştır.
  • If / whenever I saw a man with a gun, I phoned the police.
  • If / whenever my father came home, he always brought us many presents.
  • If / whenever I got angry with my father, I went out of the room crying.
  • If / since you visited New York, you saw the Statue of Liberty.
  • If your father ran to the station, you can be sure that he caught the tram on time.
  • If you met her yesterday, why did you not speak to her
  • If John told you that last night, you can be sure that he lied to you.
  • If your sister visited Paris, she saw the Eiffel Tower.
  • If you lived in London in 1953, you learned what fog is.
  • Centuries ago, if a man caught cholera, he died.
  • If your son studied hard, you can be certain that he passed the exam.

If + Past Continuous Tense

a) Present Unreal Condition

Şimdi yada gelecekte devam ediyor olması gereken ancak olması mümkün olmayan eylemleri, yada olması beklenilmeyen bir koşulu ifade etmek için bu yapı kullanılır.
  • If you were living in İstanbul, you would see the President of the USA, who is on a visit for NATO summit.
  • If the ship were leaving for Italy next week, our clients would be able to recive the spare parts to on time.
  • If you were living in London now, you might understand what fog is
b) Past Real Condition

Geçmişte devam eden gerçek bir eylemi dile getirmek için Koşul Cümleciğinde “Past continous”, Ana Cümlecikte ise “Past Simple” kullanılır. Bu tür cümlelerde kullanılan “if” “when/ever” ya da “since” anlamına gelir. Bu tür Cümlelerde uçuncu tekil şahıslarla “was” kullanılr, “were” kullanımı yanlıştır.
  • If the man was shouting at the children in the garden, he is their father.
  • (Adam bahçedeki çocuklara bağırıyorsa, onların babasıdır.)
  • If it was snowing yesterday night, why didn’t you put on your coat?
  • (Dün gece kar yağıyorduysa, neden paltonuzu giymedin?)

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