PROGRESSIVE INFINITIVE
Süregelen veya konuşma anında devem eden eylemleri “seem”, “appear” ve “pretend” fiilleri ile kullandığımızda bu filleri present progressive infinitive (to be doing) ile kullanabiliriz.
· It seems that the farmers are working hard these days.
The farmers seems to be working hard these days.
· It appears that the children are waiting for us.
The children appear to be waiting for us.
· Let's not talk about it in front of Peter. He pretends not to be listening to us, but in fact he is.
Süre gelen veya geçmişte devam etmiş bir eylemide bu fillerle kullandığımızda past progressive infinitive (to have been doing) ile kullanabiliriz.
· It appears that children have been waiting for us for a long time.
The children appear to have been waiting for us for a long time.
PERFECT INFINITIVE
infinitive'in past biçimi to have done, passive past biçimi ise to have been done şeklinde ifade edilir. Infinitive'in ifade ettiği eylem yüklemden daha önce gerçekleşmişse, past infinitive kullanmamız gerekir. Past infinitive özellikle seem, appear, pretend gibi fiillerle; lucky, fortunate, happy, sorry, pleased, content, likely gibi sıfatlarla çok sık kullanılır.
· She is very happy that she passed university exam.
She is very happy to have passed university exam.
(She passed university exam sometime before now, and now she is very happy.)
· It seems that you have failed the last exam.
You seem to have failed the last exam.
· It appears that he didn’t tell a lie.
He appears not to have told a lie.
· She is fortunate that she won a large sum of money
She is fortunate to have won a large sum of money.
· It seems that all of us were deceived
All of us seem to have been deceived
· It is nice that I have finished work.
It is nice to have finished work.
· I am sorry that I did not come on Friday.
I am sorry not to have come on Friday.
“Perfect infinitive” yapısını bazen geçmişte gerçekleşmeyen yada geçekleşmiş olamayabilecek bir eylemi ifade etmek için de kullanabiliriz.
· I meant to have phoned you, but I forget.
· I would like to have been sitting there when the queen walked in.
· She was sorry to have missed her boyfriend.
· You were silly not to have locked your car.
· He was to have been the new ambassador, but he resigned.
· I wish I’d been there. I would like to have seen Martin’s face when Sally walked in.
PASSIVE INFINITIVE
Infinitive'in passive biçimi “to be done” şeklinde ifade edilir.
· I don’t want anyone to order me what to do
I don't want to be ordered what to do.
(Ne yapacağım konusunda bana emredilmesini istemem.)
· I didn't expect she would invite me to her wedding.
I didn't expect to be invited to her wedding.
(Onun düğününe davet edileceğimi ummuyordum.)
Süregelen veya konuşma anında devem eden eylemleri “seem”, “appear” ve “pretend” fiilleri ile kullandığımızda bu filleri present progressive infinitive (to be doing) ile kullanabiliriz.
· It seems that the farmers are working hard these days.
The farmers seems to be working hard these days.
· It appears that the children are waiting for us.
The children appear to be waiting for us.
· Let's not talk about it in front of Peter. He pretends not to be listening to us, but in fact he is.
Süre gelen veya geçmişte devam etmiş bir eylemide bu fillerle kullandığımızda past progressive infinitive (to have been doing) ile kullanabiliriz.
· It appears that children have been waiting for us for a long time.
The children appear to have been waiting for us for a long time.
PERFECT INFINITIVE
infinitive'in past biçimi to have done, passive past biçimi ise to have been done şeklinde ifade edilir. Infinitive'in ifade ettiği eylem yüklemden daha önce gerçekleşmişse, past infinitive kullanmamız gerekir. Past infinitive özellikle seem, appear, pretend gibi fiillerle; lucky, fortunate, happy, sorry, pleased, content, likely gibi sıfatlarla çok sık kullanılır.
· She is very happy that she passed university exam.
She is very happy to have passed university exam.
(She passed university exam sometime before now, and now she is very happy.)
· It seems that you have failed the last exam.
You seem to have failed the last exam.
· It appears that he didn’t tell a lie.
He appears not to have told a lie.
· She is fortunate that she won a large sum of money
She is fortunate to have won a large sum of money.
· It seems that all of us were deceived
All of us seem to have been deceived
· It is nice that I have finished work.
It is nice to have finished work.
· I am sorry that I did not come on Friday.
I am sorry not to have come on Friday.
“Perfect infinitive” yapısını bazen geçmişte gerçekleşmeyen yada geçekleşmiş olamayabilecek bir eylemi ifade etmek için de kullanabiliriz.
· I meant to have phoned you, but I forget.
· I would like to have been sitting there when the queen walked in.
· She was sorry to have missed her boyfriend.
· You were silly not to have locked your car.
· He was to have been the new ambassador, but he resigned.
· I wish I’d been there. I would like to have seen Martin’s face when Sally walked in.
PASSIVE INFINITIVE
Infinitive'in passive biçimi “to be done” şeklinde ifade edilir.
· I don’t want anyone to order me what to do
I don't want to be ordered what to do.
(Ne yapacağım konusunda bana emredilmesini istemem.)
· I didn't expect she would invite me to her wedding.
I didn't expect to be invited to her wedding.
(Onun düğününe davet edileceğimi ummuyordum.)
NOTE: Tell, order, ask, request, etc. gibi pek çok fiilden sonra past infinitive kullanılamaz. Çünkü bu tür fiillerle infinitive, yüklemden sonra gerçekleşecek bir eylemi ifade eder. I wanted my friends not to come very late. I told my son to be careful when he start working in his new job She ordered me to leave the bank immediately when I got the money |
“To do/to be done”present yada future anlamında kullanılırken, “to have done/to have been done” past anlamında kullanılmaktadır. Aralarındaki farkı görmek için şu cümleleri inceleyelim:
· He is lucky that he will be sent abroad for his higher education.
He is lucky to be sent abroad for his higher education.
· He is lucky that he was sent abroad for his higher education.
He is lucky to have been sent abroad for his higher education.
· She is happy that she will get married Tom.
She is happy to get married Tom
· She is happy that she got married Tom.
She is happy to have got married Tom.
· We are unfortunate that we have missed the latest train.
We are unfortunate to have missed the latest train.
· It seems he is given pay rises regularly.
He seems to be given pay rises regularly.
· It seems he was not given a pay rise last month.
He seems not to have been given a pay rise last month.
· He is lucky that he will be sent abroad for his higher education.
He is lucky to be sent abroad for his higher education.
· He is lucky that he was sent abroad for his higher education.
He is lucky to have been sent abroad for his higher education.
· She is happy that she will get married Tom.
She is happy to get married Tom
· She is happy that she got married Tom.
She is happy to have got married Tom.
· We are unfortunate that we have missed the latest train.
We are unfortunate to have missed the latest train.
· It seems he is given pay rises regularly.
He seems to be given pay rises regularly.
· It seems he was not given a pay rise last month.
He seems not to have been given a pay rise last month.
