Gerunds with Verbs

GERUNDS

Fiillerden isim yapmanın bir diğer şeklide fiilin arkasına –ing eki getirilerek yapılır. Fiilimsiler, (gerunds) mastarlar (infinitive) gibi cümlede özne yada nesne görevi yüklenebilirler.

GERUND AS SUBJECT OF A SENTENCE

Fillimsiler (gerunds) özne olarak kullanıldıklarında genel bir düşünceyi ifade etmek için kullanılırlar. Ana cümlenin yüklemi daima tekil olur.

• Swimming in the wavy sea may be dangerous.
• Living in big cities cost much more than living in small towns.
• Eating too much not only makes people fat but causes some illness.
• Being able to graduate from university made all family proud.
• Your taking part in our campaign is believed to ensure our success.

Ayni cümleleri infinitive olarak ta ifade edebiliriz. Ancak, daha çok özel (specific) bir durumu ifade etmek için bunu tercih ederiz.

• To swim in this weather may be dangerous.
• To live in this quarter of city costs me much more than my old house.
• To be able to graduate from university made my family proud.

“Gerund” bir isim gibi kullanıldığından dolayı bir iyelik sıfatı (possessive adjective: my, your, his, her, their, our, Tom’s, my mother’s, etc.) ile kullanılabilir. Bununla beraber, günlük dil yapısı içinde nesne yada nesne durumunda olan zamirler (object pronouns: me, you, him , her, them Tom, my mother) de kullanılabilir.

• I will always remember John’s supporting me as I was young.
• I will always remember his supporting me as I was young.
• I will always remember John supporting me as I was young.
• I will always remember him supporting me as I was young.

Bir gerund’ın önünde bir “possessive” bulunduğunda anlamında degişiklik olur. Aşağıdaki örnekleri inceleyelim:

• I don’t mind lying whenever I feel there is no harm. (benim yalan söylemem)
• I don’t mind your lying whenever I feel there is no harm. (senin yalan söylemen)
• I risk losing all money in that business. (benim kaybetme riskine girmem)
• I risk his losing all money in that business.(onun kaybetme riskine girmem)

Olumsuz olarak ifade edbilmemiz için cümlenin başında “not” kullanmamız gerekir. Bir iyelik sıfatı (possessive adjective) ile kullanılıyorsa “not” bu sıfatın arkasından gelir.

• Not putting things away can make a house look very untidy.
• Not having spare time to relax causes my father to feel stressed.
• His not coming to play with us surprised us all.
• Not having been able to finish his term work on time makes Mark desperate

Bir cümlede özne “gerund” olarak kullanılıp “and” ile bağlanıyorsa yüklem çoğul olur. Çünkü o öznenin içinde birden fazla öge bulunmaktadır. Ancak, “but” yada “or” ile bağlanmış ise yüklem tekil olur. Aşağıdaki örnekleri inceleyelim.

• Eating less and doing regular exercise help you keep fitter.
• Eating less but not doing regular exercise doesn’t help one to keep fit.
• Sharing a house or working in an office with people needs respect to each other.

GERUND AS SUBJECT OF COMPLEMENT

Fiilimsiler (gerunds) “be” fiilinden sonra cümleyi tamamlayıcı bir öğe gibi kullanılabilir.

• The worst side of being a student is taking a lot of exams and quizzes.
• The biggest problem mankind faces today is protecting the environment.
• As a teacher his ambition was educating his two daughters.
• My favourite summer activities are reading at the beach and swimming in the sea

GERUND AS DIRECT OBJECT OF VERB

Fiilimsiler (gerunds) bazı fillerin arkasından cümlenin nesnesi gibi kullanılabilir. Aşağıda yaygın olarak kullanılan fillerin listesi verilmiştir.

anticipate	deny	keep	recollect (remember)
appreciate	detest	mean	recommend
avoid	discuss	mention	remember
can't help	dislike	mind	resent
can't stand	enjoy	miss	risk
complete	excuse	postpone	resist
consider	finish	practice	stop
contemplate	forgive	quit	suggest
defer	imagine	tolerate	recall (remember)
understand *

• I can’t help feeling sorry whenever I saw old people begging in the street.
• She avoided discussing the matter as his husband gets irritated.
• We couldn’t help laughing at him when he saw him in pink shirt and trousers.
• In order to improve your English, you should practise speaking it whenever possible.
• He admitted stealing the car but denied crashing it on the wall on purpose.
• You have to quit smoking and drinking alcohol if you have a heart problem.
• Though I am on a strict diet, I sometimes can't resist eating dessert.
• They had to postpone giving a garden party as they see the weather was bad.
• I wouldn't mind having a few hours off on Friday if that's alright with you.

GERUND AS THE OBJECT OF A PREPOSITION

WITH VERB

Fiilimsiler (gerunds) bir edatin arkasından kullanılarak doğrudan nesne durumunda kullanılabilirler.

be accustomed to	be used to	look forward to
be opposed to	object to	have an objection to
abstain from	apologise for	approve/disapprove of
argue about	believe in	care about
care for	comment on	complain about
concentrate on	consist of	deal with
decide against	depend on (upon)	dream of
feel like	forget about	insist on
look forward to	participate in	plan on
refer to	take advantage of	talk about
think about/of	succeed in	worry about

• If he insists on my chairing the meeting, I'll have to, but I'd really rather not.My parents don't approve of my wearing make-up.
• You haven't forgotten about meeting Pat tonight, have you?
• After he finished university, he devoted himself to helping the homeless people in his town.
• My transferring to head-office depends on my finding a flat close enough.
• She hasn't adjusted to living in a big city at all well, has she?
• I object to the manager's giving me a report to type at quarter past five on a Friday afternoon.
• We were deterred from eating in that restaurant when we saw the state of the kitchen.
• We should deal with hiring a new secretary before doing anything else.
• He'll probably refuse to participate in rising money for the charity.
• She's so bright that she'll succeed in passing all her exams without studying at all.

Bu gruptaki filler arkasından nesne durumunda kişi yada kişi zamiri alarak bir edat ile gerund’a (fillimsi) bağlanır. Yaygın olarak kullanılan fiillerin listesi aşağıda verilmiştir.

accuse someone of	apologise to someone for
arrest someone for	blame someone for
charge someone with	complain to someone about
congratulate someone on	deter someone from
devote oneself to	discourage someone from
forgive someone for	Involve someone in
keep someone from	prefer something to doing something
prevent someone from	punish someone for
stop someone from	suspect someone of
thank someone for

• The only thing that prevented him from hitting the taxi-driver was his mother's presence.
• They are bound to blame us for breaking the window. They won't believe that it was the wind.
• Have you written to thank them for sending you such a lovely present yet?
• The boss apologised to Mary for shouting at her.

Bu filler nesne olarak kişi tada kişi zamirleri aldığından dolayı yagın olarak edilgen (passive) olarak kullanılırlar.

• She was punished for staying out until late hours. 
• The team was deterred by the heavy blizzard while returning from a match. 
• The new manager was congratulated by the staff on his firs day. 
• He was warned not to smoke so heavily.