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PRESENT PERFECT TENSE

A -  OLUMLU CÜMLELER

Özne + have/has + Fiil3 (Past Participle Form)

Tom has finished his homework.
Tim has played in the park today.
They have washed their cars this morning.
You have studied English for two hours.
I have  lived in İstanbul since I981.
They have been to İzmir
Janet has just gone out
Children have had breakfast.

B -  OLUMSUZ CÜMLELER

Özne + have/has + not + Fiil3 =  Özne + Haven’t / hasn’t + Fiil3

Tom hasn’t finished his homework
Tim hasn’t  played in the park today.
They haven’t washed their cars this morning.
You haven’t studied English for two hours.
I haven’t  lived in İstanbul since 1981.
They haven’t  been to İzmir.
Janet hasn’t gone out yet.
Children haven’t had breakfast.

C -  SORU CÜMLELERİ

Have / has + Özne + Fiil3

Has Tom finished  his homework ?
Has Tim played in the park today ?
Have they washed their cars today ?
Have you studied English for two  hours ?
Have I lived in İstanbul since 1981 ?
Have they been to İzmir ?
Has Janet gone out yet ?
Have children had breakfast ?

TIME EXPRESSIONS (Zaman İfadeleri)
never,this summer/winter/year/week……..etc.,just.already,yet,today,lately,recently,once,three times,several times……..etc., since, for

SIMPLE PAST TENSE ( Di’li Geçmiş Zaman )

Kullanımı :  Bu zaman geçmişte olmuş bitmiş ve konuşulan anda artık hiç bir etkisi olmayan bir olayı anlatmak için kullanılır.

A -   OLUMLU CÜMLELER

Özne + Fiil2

*  Tom watched TV last night.
*  Children played in the garden yesterday afternoon.
*  Steve cleaned his car an hour ago.
*  They lived in Istanbul for 5 years.
*  Tim watered flowers yesterday.
*  He had breakfast yesterday morning
*  You  bought  a new shirt last week
*  He  found  a pen on the table yesterday.
*  Janet was born in 1984
*  She went on holiday last summer

B -  OLUMSUZ CÜMLELER

Özne  did + not + Fiil1 = Özne + didn’t + Fiil1

*  Tom didn’t watch TV last night.
*  Children didn’t play in the garden yesteday afrernoon.
*  Steve didn’t clean his car an hour ago.
*  They didn’t live İn Istanbul for 5 years.
*  Tim didn’t watered flowers yesterday.
*  He didn’t have breakfast yesterday morning.
*  You didn’t buy a new shirt last week.
*  He didn’t find a pen on the table yesterday
*  Janet wasn’t born in 1984.
*  She didn’t  go  on holiday last summer.

C -  SORU CÜMLELERİ

Did + Özne + Fiil1

*  Did Tom watch TV last night ?
*  Did chidren play in the garden yesterday  afternoon ?
*  Did Steve clean his car an hour ago ?
*  Did they live in Istanbul for 5 years ?
*  Did Tim water flowers yesterday ?
*  Did he have breakfast yesterday morning ?
*  Did you buy a new shirt last week ?
*  Did he find a pen on the table yesterday ?
*  Was Janet born in 1984 ?
*  Did she go on holiday last summer ?

TIME EXPRESSIONS ( Zaman İfadeleri )

Yesterday / last week,month,year……..etc. / two days ago, an hour ago………..etc. / in 2001, in 1991 ………..etc.

PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE (ŞİMDİKİ ZAMAN)

KULLANIMI:
1 - İçinde bulunduğumuz anda yapılan eylemleri anlatmak için kullanılır.
2 - İçinde bulunduğumuz an sırasında olan eylemleri anlatmak için kullanılır.
3 - Yakın geleceği anlatmak için özellikle zaman ve mekan belirtildiğinde gelecekte yapılacak olan bir eylemi ( arrengement ) anlatmak için kullanılır.

A  OLUMLU CÜMLELER

ÖZNE + ( AM-IS-ARE ) + FİİL+ING

The Browns are looking for a new flat
They are flying London at 6 tomorrow
Tom is watching  TV now.
She is cooking a meal in the kitchen at the moment.
Tom is doing his homework  right now.

B  OLUMSUZ CÜMLELER

ÖZNE + (AM-IS-ARE) + NOT + FİİL+ING
IS NOT = ISN’T
ARE NOT = AREN’T

The Browns aren’t looking for a new flat
They aren’t  flying London at 6 tomorrow
Tom isn’t  watching  TV now.
She isn’t  cooking a meal in the kitchen at the moment.
Tom isn’t  doing his homework  right now.

C  SORU CÜMLELERİ

(AM-IS-ARE) + ÖZNE + FİİL+ING

Are The Browns   looking for a new flat?
Are they are flying London at 6 tomorrow?
Is Tom is watching  TV now.?
Is She   cooking a meal in the kitchen at the moment.?
Is Tom   doing his homework  right now.?

TIME EXPRESSIONS = ZAMAN İFADELERİ
Now,right now,at present,at the moment,still

SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE (Geniş Zaman)

1 – Günlük alışkanlıklarımızı yada rutin işlerimizi anlatırken kullanılır.

2 – Vapur ,tren vs. gibi tarifelere bağlı hareket eden  bir olayı anlatırken kullanılır.

3 – Sürekli yaptığımız işleri anlatmak için kullanılır.

A -  OLUMLU CÜMLELER

ÖZNE + FİİL

Tom always goes to work by bus

Janet  has lunch at 1 o’clock

Tim studies lesson in the afternoon

He plays in the garden

The train leaves at 5.30

They sometimes get up late

You always have a  bath in the morning.

B – OLUMSUZ CÜMLELER

ÖZNE + DON’T / DOESN’T + FİİL

Tom doesn’t always go to work by bus

Janet doesn’t have lunch at 1 o’clock

Tim doesn’t study lesson

He doesn’t play in the garden

The train doesn’t leave at 5.30

They don’t  sometimes get up late

You don’t always have a bath in the morning.

C – SORU CÜMLELERİ

DO / DOES + ÖZNE + FİİL

Does Tom always go to work by bus?

Does Janet have lunch at 1 o’clock ?

Does Tim study lesson ?

Does he play in the garden ?

Does the train leave at 5.30 ?

Do they sometimes get up late ?

Do you always have a bath in the morning ?

NOT: Simple Present ( Geniş Zaman ) olumlu cümlelerinde cümlenin öznesi 3.  tekil şahıs

 olduğunda özneden sonra kullanılan fiil sonuna ‘’S’’ takısı alır.

Örnekler:

go…………………goes

study…………….. studies

watch…………      watches

play……………….plays

Time of Adverbs (Zaman İfadeleri ):

Always
Usually
Never
Sometimes
Rarely
Often

Bu Zaman İfadeleri resmi dil kullanıldığında cümle olumlu,olumsuz veya soruda olsa daima fiilden bir önce cümlede yer alır.